The history of motorcycle
Hardly anybody knows today that modern motorcycles come out of wooden bicycles with steam engine 200 of which were constructed by “Northorp” company in 1880s based on drawings of engineer named L. Copeland.
In 1885 Hotlib Daimler made his combustion engine that he put on wooden bicycle. Then in Germany the Hilderbrand brothers and Alois Voflmueller started making small amounts of such vehicles using air tires and 2-cylinders motor. They, in fact, invented the word “motorcycle” (Latin “motor” – “moving” and Greek “cyclos” – “the wheel”).
In fact, the motorcycles got the world recognition in 1895 when French engineers De Dion and Buton constructed their 4-stroke combustion engine and installed it to the special 3-wheel construction. “De Dion – Buton” tricycles were widely produced as well as in Russia and practically at the same time Russian Verner brothers started the French production of bicycles having light belt-drive engine mounted over the front wheel. In 3 years the Daimler’s idea was used by “Laurent-Clement”, “Harley-Davidson”, “Peugeot”, “Yamaha”, “Northon”, “Leitner” and others. As by 1925 over 100 factories all over the world were producing motorcycles the need to classify them appeared. Thus, it was agreed to distinguish the vehicles by their engine volume: light class (up to 300 cm3), middle class (350 – 650) and heavy (over 750 cm3).
Presently we’ve got slightly different classification which is based upon the bicycle’s functioning and design. So, today we have the following groups: motor bikes, mini-bikes, scooters, “classic” bikes, sport bikes, motor outlanders, double function bikes, tourist bikes, special bikes and bikes with buddy seats.
It’s easy to determine the bike type by its appearance. The overhead engine means you see the motor bike, small wheels (R13 maximum) relate to mini-bike, kick or electric starter is a part of scooter. You also may see two types of scooters. The first one is where the engine is mounted in center (between the driver’s legs) and the second one is where the engine is mounted to its rare end and hooded by plastic cap part of which is used as a trunk.
The choppers and the cruisers with 2-level seat, high steer slop and increased front fork spread are the typical representatives of American style bikes. These two as well as the tourist bikes allow the rider to sit straight with legs forward and their huge fairing and luggage coffres are designed to make the long highway travel to a maximum comfort. If you are up to extreme travelling than the 4-wheel outlanders will do it. These ones have wide low pressure tires, overdrive engines and variable transmission. The double function bikes may easily go over highways and outlands at the same time. They got big clearance, narrow rigid frame and specially designed tires.
2 groups of bikes – police and military – are designed to perform special tasks. The first ones are the standard our tourist models with mounted on special equipment and the second ones are the type of double function bikes.
Finally, the sport bikes are classified by various motor sports from drag racing to crossover or endure racing.
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