Transport is one of the most important sectors of the economy, serves as a circulatory system in a complex organism of the country. It provides not only the needs of economy and population of the traffic, but together with the cities forms a “skeleton” of the territory, is the largest part of the infrastructure, provides logistical base formation and development of the territorial division of labor, it has a significant impact on the dynamics and effectiveness of socio-economic development of individual regions and country as a whole.
Considering the transport as a sector of material production, it is necessary to note some of its specific features. The specificity of transport as sectors of the economy lies in the fact that it does not produce a new product by itself, but only participates in its creation, providing raw materials, materials, equipment manufacturing and delivering finished products to the consumer, thereby increasing its value by the amount of transportation costs, which are included in the cost. In some industries, transport costs are very significant, as, for example, in the timber, the oil industry, where they can reach 50%.
The transport factor is particularly important in countries with vast territories and the uneven deployment of resources, population and major industrial background. Transport provides for the formation of local and national markets. In the transition to market relations, the role of transport increases substantially. On the one hand, efficiency of the enterprise depends on the transport factor, that is directly related to its viability in a market, but on the other hand, the market itself involves the exchange of goods and services, that it is impossible without transport , and, therefore, the market is not possible. That is why transport is an important part of the market infrastructure.
Transport is of great importance in solving socio-economic problems.
Provision of the territory of a well-developed transport system is one of the factors attracting people and production, an important advantage for the distribution of productive forces and gives the effect.
It is worth mentioning that the transport, as one of the most capital-intensive industries, requires for its development of large long-term investment.
Flexibility, elasticity of transport, the opportunity to work in various, including probability, modes, implement “peak” demands for transport – these are the requirements that are applied to modern transport systems.
These features of the transport system of the country pose a number of problems to its territorial organization. An important factor in their decision plays the study of the territorial organization of transport systems, the peculiarities and regularities of formation and development of the territorial transport structures and system of transportation and geographic relations in their interactions with other territorial socio-economic systems. Each state has to treat with responsibility to develop of the transport system in their country, as it is essential condition for economic.
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