Vehicles can be divided into categories depending on the selected criteria.
According to the environment in which the movement takes place: ground; Air (aviation); water transportation (sea and river); underwater vehicles; space transport.
By type of engine: transport, set in motion by a man; transport, set in motion by animals; transport, set in motion by the engine;
By implementing ways: train (rail); road (road); off-road.
By type of motion: automotive; fixed (move loads); cable transport (transmission lines, etc.); pipeline; conveying equipment.
Now I want to give you a brief description of various modes of transport.
Water transport is the oldest form of transport. It remained the most important mode of transport at least until the transcontinental railroad appeared (the second half of XIX century). Even the most primitive sailing boat for one day overcame in four to five times longer distance than a caravan. Cargo was great, the cost of operation was less. Water transport still retains an important role. Due to its advantages (water transport is the cheapest after the pipeline), now water transport covers 60-67% of the total global turnover. Mainly bulk goods are transported on inland waterways such as building materials, coal, iron ore – the carriage of which does not require a high speed (here affects the competition with faster transport: road and rail). Water transport have no competitors at the traffic through the seas and oceans (airlines are very expensive, and their total share in the cargo transportation is low), so that ships carry various types of goods, but most of the cargoes are oil and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, coal, ore.
Rail transport was both a product and engine of the industrial revolution. Originating in the early XIX century, to the middle of the century it became the most important transport of industrial countries at that time. However, after the Second World War the railways began to lose its value. Freight transport could not stand the competition of road transport, passenger – aircraft (at large distances) and a personal car (at short distances). Railways have many advantages – a high capacity, reliability, relatively high speed. Now various loads are carried on railways, but mainly – mass ones. Moreover, since the last decade of XX century, the railways are experiencing a kind of renaissance. First, in Japan, and now in Europe a system of high-speed railways was created, allowing speeds of up to three hundred kilometers per hour. These railways have become a serious competitor to airlines at small distances.
Nowadays road transport is the most common type of transport. Road transport is younger than railway and water. Benefits of road transport are mobility, flexibility, speed and the ability to deliver the goods “door to door”. Now trucks carry almost all types of goods, but even at great distances (up to 5 or more thousand km) train successfully compete with the railways for freight transportation, for which it is the critical speed of delivery.
Air transportation is the fastest and at the same time, the most expensive form of transport. The main scope of air transport is passenger transport over long distances. Mainly perishable products and especially valuable cargo, and mail are transported by air transport.
Pipeline transportation does not have vehicles, or rather, the very infrastructure of “concurrently” is the vehicle. Pipeline is cheaper than rail and even water transport. It does not require a large staff. The main type of cargo is liquid (oil, petrol) or gaseous.
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