Distribution trucks are the most massive, compact and light trucks, usually with a low loading height. A major part of the world’s light trucks and vans is classified as N1, i.e., their total weight must not exceed 3.5 m (in the U.S. – up to 4, 54 m), and lifting capacity up to 1, 5-1, 8 ton trucks. The wagons of this type are often equipped with metal body-type or wagon layout with sliding side cargo doors and hinged rear. By the way, on the basis of such caravans it is carried the majority of modern models of buses of very small class (M1 and M2), also called vans. The American variety of distribution vans (mostly mail) is with sliding doors, driver’s cab and the increasing height of the body, adapted for rapid entry and exit forwarder called multistop.
Another common subspecies of distribution trucks are pickups representing a modification of a car with an open one board cargo platform in place of the rear (now they are distributed mainly in Europe), or a specially designed model with a chassis frame of type (North and South America and Asia) and the cab of different sizes: from a single 2-3-locally to double 5-6-locally. In the last quarter of the twentieth century pick-ups, previously popular mainly among farmers, became the best sellers of the North American automotive market (annual sales of only one model Ford F-Series are more than 1 million a year) and because of their extravagance of multi-cylinder (V8 and V10) petrol engines (diesel in trucks 1-3-class capacity in the U.S. not widespread) provoked a rise in oil prices in 2000-ies. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of European and Asian Distribution truck are equipped with economical diesel engines.
The first truck in the world with an internal combustion engine was built in 1896 by company of Gottlieb Daimler, and the first truck with a diesel engine was produced by Carl Benz in 1923. Lorries (trucks) designed for use on public roads (with a restriction on the axial load) may be of different configuration: cab over engine or hood, different axles (two to five and more) and the type of engine (petrol, diesel, gas, multi-fuel, hybrid), but they are always based on the chassis frame ladder or spinal type designed for installation of various bodies. Off-road trucks can be the frame prepubescent type (so-called articulated).
The most common type of specialized trucks is dump trucks, equipped with a reinforced metal body for the transport of bulk cargo discharged by tipping, which provides for a special, as a rule, the hydraulic system. For the parameters of axial load and external dimensions the dumpers are divided on the road (agricultural, construction and universal) and off (mine). Farm trucks are usually equipped with body-tipping, with sides with additional extension, for example, it is convenient for transportation of hay and other goods with low specific weight. Construction trucks are equipped with the body with one-or two-sided discharge, and universal – with common crane for loading. Load-lift capacity of road dump trucks is in the range 1, 5-12 tons, and multiaxial – up to 40-45 tons.
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